Egyptian Society of Nuclear Sciences and Applications (ESNSA)Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications1110-045154220210401Grafting Copolymerization of (Sodium Alginate/ Acrylic Acid/ MethacrylicAcid) by Gamma Radiation: Preparation and Characterization1815244410.21608/ajnsa.2021.26593.1360ENHebaAbo EL DahabAnalytical Chemistry Department, Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, EgyptSoheir AEl-reefyAtomic Energy AuthorityReham SHassanatomic energy authorityFatmaShehataatomic energy authoritySaadAbd Elwahabain shams universityJournal Article20200602Grafted copolymer (sodium alginate (Na. Alg)- acrylic acid (AcA)– methacrylic acid (MAcA)) was prepared by the gamma irradiation-induced copolymerization in the presence of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as a co monomer crosslinker. The functionality, morphology and thermal stability of the prepared copolymer have been examined using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, and TGA-DTA, respectively. The surface morphology of the prepared grafted copolymer shows a smooth surface and relatively homogeneous appearance. Thermogravimetric analysis of the prepared grafted copolymer shows good thermal stability suitable for all the domain of practical application in which this polymer is used till near 400°C The effect of the preparation conditions on the swelling property of the prepared copolymer has been investigated and the mechanism of graft copolymerization through the irradiation process has been also discussed. The obtained results revealed that the optimum conditions for preparing a suitable grafted copolymer were by using 20% Acrylic acid, 10% Methacrylic acid and 0.4 wt % sodium alginate at irradiation dose 15 KGy with the addition of 0.03 % of MBA as a crosslinker.Egyptian Society of Nuclear Sciences and Applications (ESNSA)Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications1110-045154220210401Radioiodination of Quetiapine and Cyclobenzaprine as Brain Monitoring Agents: Comparative Study on SPECT Imaging91815244510.21608/ajnsa.2021.32138.1364ENHananEl-SabaghLabeled compounds,Hot Labs center,EAEA,Cairo,EgyptAbeer MohamedAminLabeled compounds,Hot labs center, EAEAMai AdelMouradCentre of Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo, EgyptSalahAbo-EleneinChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200608The aim of this study is to use new drugs capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to develop new radiopharmaceuticals for non-invasive brain imaging. Quetiapine (QTP) and cyclobenzaprine (CBP), as two 5-HT2A receptor antagonists, were successfully labeled with radioactive iodine (125I) using Chloramine-T (CAT) as an oxidizing agent via electrophilic substitution reactions. After studying the parameters affecting the labeling yield (substrate amount, CAT amount, pH of the reaction mix., reaction time and temperature), the highest radiochemical yields of125I-QTP and 125I-CBP were found to be 94.5 % ± 1.0 and 91.7 % ± 0.6, respectively, at pH 2. The biodistribution and the SPECT/CT image showed that the maximum uptake of radioiodinated-QTP by the mouse brain was 10.2% and 10.9% at 120 minutes post-injection, while the radioiodinated-CBP was 7.7% and 12.4% at 240 minutes post-injection. The results have shown that radioiodinated-QTP and radioiodinated-CBP are novel radiopharmaceuticals and may be used for brain imaging.Egyptian Society of Nuclear Sciences and Applications (ESNSA)Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications1110-045154220210401Radiation Synthesis of Psyllium/Frankincense Essential Oil –Based Wound Dressing Hydrogels: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Wound Healing Performance193615244610.21608/ajnsa.2021.33835.1373ENEmanEl-ArabyEAEAAmanyRaafatChemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (AEAE), P.O. Box 29, Nasr City 11731, Cairo, EgyptSawsan MohammedElsonbatyRadiation microbiology, National center for radiation research and technologyJournal Article20200625Abstract<br /> Innovative bioactive hydrogel dressings based on Psyllium (Pys) and Carbopol (Carp) supported with Frankincense essential oil (FO) were fabricated using γ- irradiation facility for crosslinking and sterilization. (Psy-Carp)/FO dressing’s characteristics, hemolytic potential, antioxidant efficiency, antimicrobial activity as well as their morphological features were evaluated. Wound healing efficacy was evaluated using a rat model. The results revealed that the gelation degrees increased by the increase of (Psy) concentration, Carbopol content, and irradiation dose. The incorporation of FO oil up to 5% improves the swelling ability as well as the dressing porosity as shown by SEM images. The incorporation of FO oil enhances the Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR), increases the antioxidant activity. Antimicrobial activity and microbial barrier potency of (Psy-Carp)/FO dressing was tested against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Candida albicans (C. albicans), the results showed that it attenuates microbial growth of all the tested strains after 18 h. by two log cycle and cause a high rate of microbial killing. A significant increase of protein release, decrease in Exopolysaccharides (EPS) content and decrease of membrane surface potential were noticed indicating alternation of cell membrane permeability leading to cell death. In vivo wound healing evaluation using rat model confirms that the tested dressings induce faster wound healing with improvement biochemical parameters compared with that of FO free (Psy-Carp) hydrogel. Based on the above-mentioned results, it can be concluded that (Psy-Carp)/FO hydrogel dressings demonstrate a promising potential as wound care candidates.Egyptian Society of Nuclear Sciences and Applications (ESNSA)Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications1110-045154220210401Overview on the removal of iron from phosphoric acid: A Comparative study374915244810.21608/ajnsa.2020.43903.1404ENIsmailAhmedHot Laboratories Center, Atomic Energy Authority, 13759, Egypt.Journal Article20200923Abstract<br /> Wet process phosphoric acid (WPA) represents the main route for phosphate fertilizers world’s production using sulfuric acid as leaching agent. The produced acid is contaminated with various metal ions as iron, aluminum, cadmium, arsenic, uranium, etc. that limits its uses in metal finishing, food, cosmetics and electronic industries. Hence, purification of the wet phosphoric acid is a challenge task. The presence of high concentration of iron in phosphoric acid leads to many problems that affect the production process as increasing the viscosity, decreasing the filtration ration rate, formation of precipitates during concentration, clarification and storage, P2O5 loss in addition to decreasing the solubility of fertilizers, The present review gives an overview on the removal of iron from crude phosphoric acid by some commonly used techniques including precipitation, sorption and solvent extraction to evaluate the efficiency and drawbacks of each process. The pre- treatments of phosphoric acid are also discussed.Egyptian Society of Nuclear Sciences and Applications (ESNSA)Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications1110-045154220210401Mg-Cr layered double hydroxide (LDH) intercalated with sodium dodecyl sulfate as sorbent for Alizarine Red-S in aqueous solutions506215244910.21608/ajnsa.2020.43981.1405ENIsmailAhmedHot Laboratories Center, Atomic Energy Authority, 13759, Egypt.Journal Article20200924Abstract<br /> Mg2+/Cr3+-LDH, (LDH-CO3) with Mg/Cr molar ratio 2.0 and intercalated LDH with an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS-LDH were synthesized by co-precipitation method and was used for the sorption of Alizarine Red-S (ARS) as anionic organic dye. The prepared adsorbents were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA and surface area. The influence of pH of the medium, shaking time, dye concentration and adsorbents dose on the sorption process were investigated. The kinetics of the sorption process was extimated using the pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, intra particle diffusion and Elovich kinetic model. The results of LDH-CO3 fitted well with the pseudo -first-order model while the pseudo -second-order model fitted with SDS-LDH results. The obtained results indicate that the intercalation with SDS enhanced the sorption process and can be considered as a promising adsorbent for the removal of anthraquinone compounds from wastewater. Regeneration of the adsorbent was achieved using 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution.Egyptian Society of Nuclear Sciences and Applications (ESNSA)Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications1110-045154220210401Extraction chromatography and fractional precipitation procedures for production various zirconium grades for industrial and nuclear interest from Egyptian zircon ore637215245010.21608/ajnsa.2021.48409.1413ENAhmedAbdelsamadNuclear materials authorityMohamed AFathy AttallahEAEA, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority0000-0002-7857-7980Elsayed AAfifiEgyptian Atomic Energy AuthorityHoda ARizkAtomic Energy Authority, Hot Labs. CentreAyman AMassodEgyptian Atomic Energy Authority0000-0002-3454-4458Journal Article20201101The present study describes enrichment and purification of zirconium the Egyptian zircon ore, by selective successive precipitations and two analytical tools. The obtained main results indicated that three grades of Zr-concentrates were produced (PPt-A, PPt-B and PPt-C) by selective precipitation. In PPt-B grade, Zr exists with actinides (U and Th), so, purified by anion exchange chromatography and fractional precipitation. However, the purity of Zr obtained by the both methods reached 99%. Meanwhile, recoveries were varied between 64% of fraction precipitation and 95% by extraction chromatography. As a result, the Zr/Hf ratio in zircon ore was 40.3 in zircon ore, then, increased to 463 (11.5-folds) in PPt-B concentrate obtained by selective precipitation at pH 5, and increased again to 116-folds by extraction chromatography. Due to the some industrial and the nuclear significance of Zr, the zircon exists around the long Egyptian beaches can be explored to produce high grades of Zr-concentrates.Egyptian Society of Nuclear Sciences and Applications (ESNSA)Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications1110-045154220210401Simulation of BEAVRS Benchmark at Hot Zero Power Using MCNP6738115480010.21608/ajnsa.2021.33692.1371ENMohga IHassan32 kadri street Sayedah ZainabMohgaHassanNuclear Safety Engineering Department
Nuclear and radiological regulatory Authority0000-0001-9755-4250Journal Article20200624The BEAVRS benchmark provides detailed design data and in core flux measurements for a standard PWR. In this work the BEAVRS benchmark is simulated at hot zero power using the Monte Carlo code MCNP6. The effective multiplication factor is estimated at various control banks insertions and boron concentrations. Calculations also include control rod banks worth, and isothermal temperature coefficient. Axially integrated Thermal flux in 58 assemblies, resembling detector positions in the core, are also evaluated and compared to the actual data provided by the benchmark. Axial thermal flux calculated for selected assemblies was compared to the results produced by detector signals located at 61 axial positions. Radial power distribution in the whole core is also evaluated, and compared to a previous study. The accuracy of thermal flux and radial power calculations were evaluated using two methods; the absolute relative difference and the root mean square deviation. The model was capable of simulating the benchmark with good degree of accuracy.Egyptian Society of Nuclear Sciences and Applications (ESNSA)Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications1110-045154220210401Use of a Graded Approach in Application of Management System Requirements for ETRR-2: Maintenance of the Standby Power Supply System as a Case Study829115480110.21608/ajnsa.2021.34593.1376ENAyman AzabEisaDepartment of Nuclear Safety and Radiological Emergency-NCRRT centre
Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200703A process for establishing an Integrated Management System (IMS) for operation and maintenance of the ETRR-2 reactor is initiated. Development and application of the IMS consider the usage of a graded approach in order to commensurate the resources devoted to management system with the importance of an item/activity and the magnitude of the risks. Literatures have introduced different methods for the concept of graded approach which is very important in applying the management, safety and technical requirements. This paper provides an additional example for the methodology of applying such approach. It suggests a grading methodology and determines the considerations that need to be taken into account in grading the application of IMS requirements. The paper introduces a proposal for classification of items or activities in the ETRR-2 into four grades. Then gives a grading example of specific controls for maintenance of structures, systems and components (SSCs) in the plant and explains the management requirements appropriate for each grade. Finally, the approach is explained briefly using an application practice on the Standby Power Supply system of the plant as a case study.Egyptian Society of Nuclear Sciences and Applications (ESNSA)Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications1110-045154220210401Removal of Uranium238 Ions from Contaminated Ground Water Contain NORM by Adsorption on Fly Ash Carbon: Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies.9210315480210.21608/ajnsa.2021.42885.1401ENEhab MohamedAbdel Rahman FATHALLAEgyptian nuclear and radiological regulatory authority. Nasr City, Cairo, EGYPT.0000-0001-9346-9040Journal Article20200914Water purification from radionuclides by using an effective and low-cost adsorbent which it is produced in high quantities from the fuel combustion in power stations where mazote, coal and other fuels extensively used. Fly ash’s particles were used to investigate the removal of uranium238 ions, in the concentration range of 27.9, 55.8, 111.6 Bq/l from ground water. In order to research the effect of various parameters including pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, dose adsorbent and temperatures batch tests have been performed in adsorption. The optimum contact time was 30 minutes and the appropriate pH was found to be 4.5. Temperature effects on kinetics and equilibrium were closely investigated in fly ash spores. Endothermic findings and a temperature rise resulted in an increase in the adsorption rate of uranium239. Data was applied to different temperatures (293, 303 and 313 K) with the isotherms Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin – Radushkevich. The best way to explain the data was to find the Langmuir Adsorption Model. Adsorption kinetics have been studied in pseudo-first, pseudo-second order. A pseudo-second-order mechanism was the best in fitting the data. Thermodynamic parameters; ΔH°, ΔG°, and ΔS° have been studied. SEM is used to assess morphological changed in the fly ash surfaces following adsorption of uranium238 ions.Egyptian Society of Nuclear Sciences and Applications (ESNSA)Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications1110-045154220210401Study the effect of cathode electrode aperture shapes on ion beam properties using SIMION program10410815884410.21608/ajnsa.2021.32162.1365ENBarakatSolimanAccelerators and Ion Sources Department,
Nuclear Research Center,
Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority.0000-0003-0090-0503MoustafaAbdelrahmanIon Sources and Accelerators Department-Nuclear Research Center - Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority - Egypt.Journal Article20200608Abstract<br /> This work was concerned with a simulation study of different cathode electrode aperture shapes (pierce, reversed pierce, cone, reversed cone, triangle, reversed triangle, rectangle, circle, and sphere), which confirms that, pierce and cone shapes are the best extraction apertures. The minimum values of ion beam diameter and ion beam emittance, at collector plate which placed at 30 mm distance from cathode electrode were obtained using pierce and cone shapes. Also, the distance of the ion beam trajectories focal point was studied using different shapes for cathode aperture, which found to be decrease with increasing of the voltage applied to the cathode electrode. The main parameter in this study was the applied voltage to the cathode electrode. It was found that the observed changes on the ion beam parameters in the range 100 - 1500 V, but higher than these values the behavior of diameter, emittance and focal point of the ion beam were quasi-saturated. Also, it was found that the general behavior of ion beam diameter and its emittance nearly the same.Egyptian Society of Nuclear Sciences and Applications (ESNSA)Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications1110-045154220210401"PREDICTION THE PERFORMANCE OF THE IAEA 10 MW MTR RESEARCH REACTOR AT TRANSIENT STARTUP"10911515884510.21608/ajnsa.2021.36573.1384ENMagy MKandilENRRA, 3 ahmed elzomer, nasrcityJournal Article20200720In this research, a new dynamic model is developed for IAEA 10 MW MTR as research reactor. The developed dynamic model predicts the performance of the core design and the thermal hydraulic behavior in reactivity variations conditions for controlling startup conditions to reach criticality. The startup is formed by increasing or decreasing the reactivity due to inserting or withdrawal of a control rod with/without an external of neutron source. The developed model is a dynamic modeling made by MATLAB/SIMULINK with a systematic solution of a combination of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) of Point Kinetic Equation (PKE) and the thermal hydraulic equations to calculate the change of neutron density, fuel and cooling temperatures through reaching the critical state before a new reactivity is added. The developed dynamic model predictions are compared with the calculations performed in various establishments using other codes. The results showed that the developed model can provide accurate predictions during transient conditions; and can be used for analyzing the lowest power reactors encountered in practice.Egyptian Society of Nuclear Sciences and Applications (ESNSA)Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications1110-045154220210401DIGITAL NUCLEAR LEADERSHIP FOR SAFETY AND SECURITY- TOWARDS EFFECTIVE REGULATORY CONTROL11612515884610.21608/ajnsa.2021.37635.1387ENRaniaGomaaQA/QC Department,
Egyptian Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory Authority (ENRRA)
Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-2520-8321Sameh ElSayedShabanNuclear Safeguards and Physical Protection, Egyptian Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory Authority, Cairo , EgyptHebaSakrEgyptian Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory AuthorityJournal Article20200729The revaluation of information technologies nowadays encourages the reliance on Digital Leadership within the business environment using innovative solutions and digital technologies. National Regulators for safety, security and safeguard face huge challenges to meet this specific mandated and establish an optimized regulatory practice for nuclear and radiation facilities and activities. Digital leadership plays a big role to highlight the area of the interface, identify opportunities, enhance organization culture, and encourage risk-informed decisions. This work introduces the Integrated Tool for Leadership and Knowledge Management for Safety and Security (ITLKMSS). It is tailed with specific requirements to create an automated infrastructure with five modules; Knowledge Management portal, Human Resource Development, and Training Centre, Sarcoma-Plus, Staff Information Database, and e-Learning Portal. The tool is developed and tested In-house for a planned scenario to measure its effectiveness. Results support the national efforts for digitalization and help to grantee sustainability of the regulatory framework with effective performance in a challenging context.Egyptian Society of Nuclear Sciences and Applications (ESNSA)Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications1110-045154220210401Efficient Evaluation of Heat Exchangers Behaviour in Nuclear Power Plants12613615884710.21608/ajnsa.2021.37767.1388ENElsayedEmarahDepartment on Engineering, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority0000-0002-1881-5246HanyKasbanEngineering Department, NRC, Atomic Energy Authority, P. No. 13759, Inshas, EgyptJournal Article20200801This paper studies the performance of the primary and secondary flow paths of the Heat Exchangers (HEXs) in the Nuclear Power Plants (NPP). Explicit solutions for the wall temperature, primary and secondary wall temperatures of the HEX are presented. Therefore, closed form expressions for wall temperature, primary and secondary wall temperature are proposed. Moreover, performance analysis of HEX is investigated. Curves for the HEX wall temperature are introduced with special emphasis on the initial wall temperature. The various effects of pipe wall heat capacities, perimeter, fluid Heat Transfer (HT) coefficient and wall HT coefficient on the HEX are evaluated. The obtained results confirm that the surface contact between the two fluid passes reduces the temperature to some extent at 5 seconds. Furthermore, it is limited to the pipe length and contact time. As a final point of observation, the distributed temperature through the HEX structure increases with the decrease of perimeter. Since, the wall area decreases with the decrease of perimeter. The proposed work allows more control of the HT process within the HEX. Consequently, the performance of NPPs can be improved.Egyptian Society of Nuclear Sciences and Applications (ESNSA)Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications1110-045154220210401Studying the role of transfer and inelastic scattering on elastic scattering of alpha particles by 9Be13714215884910.21608/ajnsa.2021.38077.1389ENAhmed Elsayed AdilAmarDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tanta UniversityJournal Article20200805Elastic and inelastic scattering of α-particles by 9Be nuclei have been analyzed with different incident energies. Optical model parameters (OMPs) of elastic scattering of α-particles by 9Be were obtained on different energies. The Elastic scattering, inelastic scattering and transfer reaction using Coupled Reaction Channel (CRC) method were obtained using Fresco Code. The effect of involving CRC calculations on the differential cross section analysis has been examined. The transfer reaction of (5He) was studied in reaction 9Be(α,9Be)α. spectroscopic factor of 9Be as α+5He configuration was derived from experimental data. Also investigated is the effect of coupling to the excited states 1/2+ and 5/2- of 9Be, and its effect on elastic scattering results. Static deformation has been extracted for 9Be nuclei.<br /> The theoretical calculations have been done by codes have a good agreement with experimental data obtained from literature. One step of 5He transfer was sufficient to solve the oscillations in the middle angles of the differential cross section.Egyptian Society of Nuclear Sciences and Applications (ESNSA)Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications1110-045154220210401Health Risk Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Wasteland Soils in Okakarara, Namibia..14315015885010.21608/ajnsa.2021.46009.1408ENSylvanusOnjefuDepartment of Natural and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia0000-0003-4252-3574CaspahKamundaDepartment of Physics, School of Mathematics and natural Sciences, Copperbelt University, ZambiaJamesAbahDepartment of Mathematics, Science and Sport Education, Faculty of Education, University of Namibia, Katima Mulilo Campus, NamibiaJournal Article20201012Human activities such as waste disposal tend to impact negatively on the environment. Some waste products are associated with elevated levels of natural radioactivity. It was therefore, the aim of the study to investigate the health risk associated with natural radioactivity from Okakarara municipal waste dumpsite. In this study, gamma spectrometric analysis was used to determine the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in 18 soil samples. From these activity concentrations, some radiological parameters were calculated. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in (Bq.kg-1) were 15.45±0.47, 18.00±0.55, and 215.73±4.29, respectively. The average Raeq value was 57.80±0.98 Bq.kg-1. In all the samples, Raeq values were found to be lower than the worldwide value of 370 Bq.kg-1. The absorbed dose rate was found to be 27.00±0.44 nGy.h-1, whereas an average value of 0.03 mSv.y-1 for AEDE is noted, which is less than 0.48 mSv, the worldwide average. The Annual Gonadal Dose Equivalent (AGDE) was 190.89 μSv.y-1, a value less than the world average of 298 μSv.y-1. The average values of the Representative Level Index (RLI) and the External Hazard Index (Hex) was found to be 0.43 and 0.16., respectively. These indices were less than unity. The average value of the excess lifetime cancer risk (ECLR) was 1.16 x 10-4. This value was lower than the internationally acceptable limit of 2.9 x 10-4. From these results it can be concluded that natural radioactivity from the wasteland area of Okakarara was not an issue of health concern.