2024-03-29T16:44:02Z
https://ajnsa.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=20214
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications
1110-0451
1110-0451
2021
54
1
Efficient Removal of Pb (П) from aqueous waste by manganese oxide/modified activated carbon composites
Hafez
El-Ahwany
Waleed
Abddellah
Ragaa
El-Sheikh
The present composites (NMO/Modified AC) were prepared and utilized for the removal of Pb (П) from waste water through batch adsorption. Nano manganese oxide (NMO) was prepared by simple co-precipitation method / modified activated carbon which treated with HNO3 (4M, 6M and 8M). The synthesized samples NMO, NMO/(4M,6M,8M) AC and AC were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Batch experiments were carried out under several conditions such as pH, temperature, contact time, competing cation, and initial lead(П) ion concentration to remove lead (П) ions from liquid waste. The results revealed that NMO, NMO / (4M, 6M, 8M) AC, and AC have a high adsorption efficiency (>99%). The adsorption results from the applied experiments fit Langmuir isotherm, and the kinetic data follow pseudo-second-order model. in addition, the evaluation of thermodynamic parameters (∆G°, ∆S° and ∆H°) from Van̕t Hoff equation indicated the spontaneous and exothermic nature of adsorption.
Lead
Activated carbon
Manganese oxide
co-precipitation
Adsorption
Removal
2021
01
01
1
17
https://ajnsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_131989_c997ec9ccd009586213bd4f83241dc3b.pdf
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications
1110-0451
1110-0451
2021
54
1
The reactor power effect on the consequences pressure waves after LBLOCA in VVER-1000
DINA
AMER
Sergey
Nikonov
In this paper, the influence of the reactor power behavior on the LBLOCA hydrodynamics at the initial moment of the process (0-1 second) is considered. The calculations are carried out for the first loop in case of the beginning of loading, end of loading and constant power. The parameters of a typical reactor plant V-320 (VVER-1000) were used for the calculation, particularly, the 3rd unit of the Kalinin NPP. All initial data for the calculation were obtained from the materials of the international standard problem Kalinin-3 [1]. The fuel composition and kinetics of the reactor core was considered for the case of the end of the cycle. For the calculations, the computational best estimate code ATHLET [2.3] was used, which is included in the software package AC2 and officially acquired by the national research Nuclear University MEPhI according to the license agreement with Gesellschaft fur Anlagen-und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gg GmbH, Germany [3]. Code ATHLET is certified in Russia for stationary and transient conditions at reactors with water coolant [4].
VVER-1000
Kalinin-3
MCP stop
LOCA
ATHLET
2021
01
01
18
27
https://ajnsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_131990_b3e08941e3c55f74d469a6a6f98b377f.pdf
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications
1110-0451
1110-0451
2021
54
1
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (vinyl alcohol) / Fullerene C60 Membrane via Chemical and Radiation Crosslinking
Aamer
Alfayyadh
Mutasim
Khalil
Ahmed
Basfar
Salah
Lotfy
Abstract Fullerene C60 (FULL-C60) was used as a nano-filler in the preparation of the chemical-crosslinking polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by glutaraldehyde (Glut) which, copolymerized with acrylate oligomers, 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CEA) followed by gamma irradiation. The effect of the FULL-C60 content on the gel content and swelling behavior of Glut-(PVA/CEA)-FULL-C60 copolymer hydrogel was investigated. The results revealed an increase in the gel content and a significant reduction in swelling of the nanocomposite material. There are influences for the PVA molecular weight, fullerene content, and absorbed dose on the gel content of the prepared nanocomposite. The irradiation of chemical crosslinked nanocomposites demonstrated approximately a 90% gelation over a range of 50-300 kGy irradiation doses. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed a homogeneous distribution of nanocomposites in the composite matrix. Improvement in the thermal stability of radiation Glut-(PVA/CEA) and Glut-(PVA-CEA)-FULL-C60 was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The mechanical properties were examined via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) which showed significant variation because of the addition of nanocomposites and irradiation doses.
Radiation
Poly(vinyl alcohol)
Nanocomposite materials
Fullerene C60
2021
01
01
28
39
https://ajnsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_131991_32250d213014f0af164d235a46a99575.pdf
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications
1110-0451
1110-0451
2021
54
1
Influence of electron accelerator irradiation on epoxy nanocomposites materials for spacecraft structure
Ahmad
Anwar
Salah
Lotfy
Mohamed
Balboul
Mohamed
Shamekh
Different types of surfactants; nonionic, anionic and cationic represented by Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) respectively were used to select a proper type of surfactant enhancing dispersion quality of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the epoxy resin. Hereinafter, the effect of one of the most severe space environment threats which are an electron beam on the candidate material used as a structural space material. The candidate material is characterized by furrier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical properties, surface tension, and electrical dispersion measurement. The mechanical results revealed that the strength increases by 10% while adding the CTAB surfactant, while decreases by 27% and 32% by adding tween-80 and SDS respectively. The anionic surfactant SDS, despite keeping the stiffness the reference sample it is the lower strength and elongation. The CTAB improves the mechanical properties by improving the strength and stiffness while elongation is significantly decreased by adding any of the surfactants. The surface tension of Tween 80 and anionic surfactant; SDS, = 24.4 mN/m while the surface tension in case of the CTAB is = 25.4 mN/m. Surface tension and electrical dispersion measurement results reveal that the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 led to a uniform dispersion of MWCNTs in the epoxy than other surfactants. The effect of 100-kGy irradiation via electron beam on the structure and its electrical properties of the epoxy composites was studied. Improving the dispersion quality of the MWCNTs in epoxy nanocomposites materials for spacecraft structure occurred.
Spacecraft structure
Epoxy
Nanocomposites
and electron accelerator irradiation
2021
01
01
40
50
https://ajnsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_131992_d9d8c28331912d5506ecbd0fb03e91c9.pdf
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications
1110-0451
1110-0451
2021
54
1
FTIR and UV spectroscopic analysis of sparfloxacin combined with theoretical study based on DFT calculations
Ahmed
Rashad
Mamoun
Mahmoud
mohamed
El-desawy
Abstract Sparfloxacin is analyzed using FTIR and UV-Vis spectrometers; theoretically the structure is geometry optimized using density functional theoretical approach with method of calculation. After optimization, the vibrational frequencies are calculated. An acceptable match is observed between the measured and the calculated data. Electron density of the molecule is studied by using natural bond orbital (NBO) methodEnergy difference is calculated and found equal 4.314 eV this is difference in energy between the high occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) and (lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals) LUMO energies. This value explains the interaction between the charging transfer and the structure that affects the biological behavior. The electrostatic potential map (MEP) of the molecule shows that the molecular sites having negative potential (the sites of oxygen, nitrogen and fluorine atoms) together with the sites having positive potential specifically on hydrogen atomsThe UV-VIS analyses of Sparfloxacin had undertaken and results confirmed the charge moving to molecule.
FTIR
UV
DFT calculations
Sparfloxacin
2021
01
01
51
65
https://ajnsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_135798_5dd4b8394736473ee62240fa1fcfc8ab.pdf
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications
1110-0451
1110-0451
2021
54
1
Dark Matter production in association with dilepton resonance from heavy Z’ decay using Monte Carlo simulation
Maha
Abdelhakim
Ali
ellithi
sherif
elgammal
tarek
hussein
In the present work, we search for Dark Matter candidates generated in association with the Z 0 boson, in events with large missing transverse momentum produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, using Monte Carlo simulation, at total integrated luminosity of 136.2 f b −1 and center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The signal is evaluated from three new physics scenarios beyond standard model of dark matter with Z' boson as a final-state radiation, and they are: Dark Higgs model, Light vector model and the light Z' with inelastic effective field theory coupling model. The three models assume that the Z' is coupled to new dark sector states, which might be a candidate or decaying to a candidate suitable to be the dark matter. The dark matter candidate is supposed to have mass of order GeV to few TeV. The Z’ boson is considered to decay leptonically. The dileptons invariant mass and the missing transverse momentum distributions are studied before and after selection conditions of the resonance event. The significances of the three models will be tested.
Dark Matter
Z’ heavy gauge boson
Monte Carlo simulation
Large Hadron Collider
2021
01
01
66
77
https://ajnsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_135799_bcdde698a79e0e172181fe42a2d7c8a0.pdf
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications
1110-0451
1110-0451
2021
54
1
Biochemical and Histopathological Effect of Ultrasound Waves on hepatic tissue of rat’s neonates
aziza
amin
Mona
Ibraheim
Ultrasound has applications in various bio-medicine aspects. The current research was carried out to study the hematological parameters, biochemical and histopathological alterations in hepatic tissue post-exposure of pregnant rats to ultrasound waves. Eight pregnant mother rats were divided into two groups (four rats per each group). The first group was used as a negative control group that was not exposed to normal pregnancy. The second group of pregnant mother rats was exposed to ultrasound waves with a nominal intensity of 0.2 W/cm2 at the frequency of (1MHz.) directly in contact with their bodies for 15 min/day through the last two weeks of the gestation period, each mother gave 5 neonates. Then these neonates from each group were used for blood and tissue sampling. Some hematological parameters, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin in serum were evaluated. Samples of the liver in all groups were examined by light and transmission electron microscope for the detection of histopathological changes. Statistical evaluation of the results at a p < 0.05 revealed a significant elevation in serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin, whereas hematological parameters were significantly reduced in the exposed group compared with negative control one. Histopathologically, heavy leukocytic cellular infiltrations, degenerative and necrotic changes in the hepatocytes with mild hyperplasia of the lining epithelium of bile duct were demonstrated. The obtained results support the need for caution in the usage of ultrasound waves for repeated times, particularly during pregnancy.
Keywords: Ultrasound waves
Neonatal rats
Biochemical Evaluation
histopathology
Electron Microscope
2021
01
01
78
84
https://ajnsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_138259_43e95ade8870ea15aed5e562804f01e5.pdf
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications
1110-0451
1110-0451
2021
54
1
Viscoplastic Creep Characterization of Novel Sn–0.7Cu-0.2Ni–xAl Lead-Free Solders for Electronics Applications
Mahmoud
Dawood
S. A.
Eladly
A. M.
El-Taher
In this study, the effects of adding 0.1-0.2wt.%Al on microstructure and creep properties of Sn–0.7Cu-0.2Ni (SCN) alloys were investigated. The presence of Ni in SCN alloy inhibits the polymorphic transition of Cu6Sn5 IMC particles and forms a more stable (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 IMC particles. After Al-microalloying, the Sn–0.7Cu-0.2Ni–xAl alloys exhibit heterogeneous-structure with an additional fine Al3Ni2 and Al2Cu IMC phases and coarse (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 IMCs. Adding of 0.1%Al to SCN solder is the most effective in softening while the creep rate and yield strength is slightly maintained down to the SCN solder level. Hence, the desirable creep property was attained in SCN-0.1 wt.%Al solder could play a significant role in drop impact performance enrichment in electronic devices. The creep deformation at stresses of 8.8–23.4 MPa is characterized by a stress exponents of 4.4-5.0 and activation energy of 46.8-53.9 kJ.mol-1 close to that for pipe-diffusion of Sn, which are typical of dislocation creep mechanism.
Lead-free solders
Sn-Cu alloys
viscoplastic creep
2021
01
01
85
96
https://ajnsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_138261_0b49df26da46b64cf0d7c8e4920d0527.pdf
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications
1110-0451
1110-0451
2021
54
1
High Borated Stainless Steel Alloys for Nuclear Reactor Domains
Shaimaa
Hafez
Raed
Elshazly
M. M
Eissa
Samir
EL-Kameesy
Austenite stainless steel industry in the nuclear domain still needs further progress for better performance, quality and safety for being the major construction nuclear materials of different components of nuclear reactors. One grade of stainless steel with fundamental composition of SS316 and other having B (SS316B) was designed. The macroscopic cross sections for neutrons were carried out by 241Am-Be neutron source, the results confirm that borated stainless steels fulfill the requirements of having a proper shielding material that achieve the necessary safety conditions. Samples of the modified steels were subjected to microstructure observations, hardness, impact and tensile testing. In addition, the corrosion behavior of the modified steels in 3.5 wt% NaCl medium was examined. The microstructure observation showed mainly an austenitic phase in all modified steels. By using scanning electron microscope with conjugation with EDX technique, secondary phase is observed with different morphology and size at the austenite matrix of the other studied steel. Certainly, this change is mainly attributed to form the carbide element as boron. The investigated steels alloys containing B showed lower corrosion rate and higher mechanical properties than the standard alloy.
Keywords: Construction Nuclear materials
Borated stainless steel alloys
Attenuation
Mechanical and Structural parameters
2021
01
01
97
104
https://ajnsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_138266_1203eedaa1a0dfb11486deb4cd58604b.pdf
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications
1110-0451
1110-0451
2021
54
1
Effect of Boron and Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Plant Using N-15 Technique
Mohamed
Hashim hussein
Tarek
soliman
Boron nutrient plays an important role for crop growth and production. However, the adequate amount of nitrogen and boron that improves plant production and nitrogen use efficiency is still remaining unknown particularly under sandy soil. Thus, field experiments were conducted in two consecutive growing seasons (from 2016 to 2018) at the Experimental Farm at the Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, Egypt to investigate effects of boron foliar nutrition and nitrogen fertilizer rates on growth, yield, and nitrogen utilized by onion plant cv. Giza 20. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six levels of boron (Control, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2 and 4 ppm), and three rates of nitrogen (40, 60 and 80 kg N/fed.-1 as ammonium sulphate) in reclaimed sandy soil. The results showed that boron at 2.4 ppm interacted with nitrogen rate at 80 kg N/fed.-1 significantly increased fresh and dry weight g/plant, total chlorophyll content (58.67 and 58.00 mg/g dry weight), biological yield (2.53 and 2.80 kg/m2), economical yield (2.23 and 2.30 kg/m2) and nitrogen utilized percentage (38.25 and 37.68 %) in the two growing seasons respectively. Foliar boron application at rate of 3.2 and 4.0 ppm with all nitrogen rates significantly decreased all the studied character. On the contrary, Potassium and boron content in the bulbs were increased as the boron application rate increased.
Onion
Boron
nitrogen
yield
N-15 Technique
2021
01
01
105
112
https://ajnsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_138269_61604b995b48ac1fc0cba5aabec82ee5.pdf
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications
1110-0451
1110-0451
2021
54
1
Effect of Aging on the Immune Status and Trace Elements
Dalia
Ibrahim
Michael
Michael
Aging is usually accompanied by immunosenescence. Trace elements such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) are essential for effective immune function. This study aims at assessing the aging effect on the levels of zinc, iron and copper, estimating the association between their serum concentrations and markers of the immune system including immunoglobulins G, immunoglobulins M, immunoglobulins A, immunoglobulins E, interleukin-4, interleukin-5 and interferon-gamma and evaluating the interaction between the tested immunological parameters and trace elements. Eighty volunteers participated in this study, aged from 30 to 65 years. They were divided into two equal groups according to their age; the middle-aged group, aged from 30 to 45, and the older group, aged from 50 to 65 years. Zinc, iron, copper and the immune parameters namely, immunoglobulins G, immunoglobulins M, immunoglobulins A, immunoglobulins E, interleukin-4, interleukin-5 and interferon-γ were assayed in serum. The results showed significant increases of all the tested immunological parameters except for IL-4 and IgM in the older group compared to the middle-aged group, while for the trace elements concentrations, a trend towards increased values was observed in the older group. Age affects both humoral and cellular immunity, although it has a greater influence on humoral immunity. In the present study, trace elements were found to have a relation to both types of immunity especially in the middle age.
aging
immunoglobulin
Interferon-γ
interleukin
trace element
2021
01
01
113
119
https://ajnsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_138272_affa107a8140bf84c9e850c34cb59d75.pdf
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications
1110-0451
1110-0451
2021
54
1
Development of Two Software Packages for Connecting with the MCNPX and NJOY Nuclear Codes to Directly Obtain and Extract Multi-Group Nuclear Cross Sections for Any Isotope
Seyed Alireza
Mousavi Shirazi
In this research, two software packages are developed to be connected with MCNP and NJOY to obtain and extract nuclear cross sections. The first (main) software package was coupled with the MCNPX code to automatically run it to obtain cross sections of isotopes for multi-group and a wide range of incident neutron energies. It was also coupled with the second software package entitled AutoNJOY, which is directly coupled with the NJOY code, to automatically run it and obtain the cross sections of isotopes at any temperature for any reaction. The results obtained by the AutoNJOY were automatically transferred to the first software package, and the results were compared with those obtained by the MCNPX code, and the graphs of isotope cross sections were plotted in energy. The first software package is also able to analyze the microscopic cross sections obtained by the AutoNJOY and draws the graph of the cross section vs. energy. It is also able to be connected to the ACE library directly and reads microscopic cross sections of all the elements and their isotopes that have the various ZAID. It was observed that from the thermal neutron range to the fast, the cross sections of isotopes obtained by the AutoNJOY were nearly similar to the results obtained by the first software package, and the derived graphs of both methods approved with each other.
cross section
Isotope
MCNPX
NJOY
Software Package
2021
01
01
120
133
https://ajnsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_143317_bdb1d7b67227db32c90a01e8c0e955e7.pdf
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications
1110-0451
1110-0451
2021
54
1
Assessment of the Background Radiation of Telecommunication Masts in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Arthur
Nwachukwu
Chukwunonso
Ikeagwuani
Nkechinyere
Nwachukwu
In this study, the background radiation of ten selected mobile phone base stations was monitored to ascertain their radiological risk. The requirement to monitor them is because they are established contributors to background radiation. There is, therefore, often a requirement to monitor them to ascertain if their radiation levels have passed the safety standards. The study was carried out using the Radalert 100 radiation monitor and a Geographical Positioning System (Garmin GPSMAP 765). The mean background radiation exposure rate ranges from 0.0133mRhr-1to 0.0200mRhr-1. The obtained values are higher than the world standard limit of 0.013mRhr-1 recommended by ICRP. The calculated absorbed dose rates for the various base stations ranged from 115.71 nGyh-1 to 174.00 nGyh-1. These values of absorbed dose rates were observed to be far higher than the world permissible value of 89 nGyh-1. The annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) for the exposure values ranged from 0.142 mSvy-1 to 0.213 mSvy-1 which are far lower than the ICRP permissible limits of 1.00 mSvlyr for the public and implies that the base stations do not pose any immediate radiological risks. The excess lifetime cancer risk for the stations’ users was all above the 0.29 × 10-3 world recommended value and therefore, suggests a possibility of the base station workers developing radiation-related illnesses over a longer time. Regular radiological monitoring of all the base stations in Ebonyi State is recommended.
5G network
Radalert-100
Radiofrequency radiation
Exposure rates
Cancer risk
2021
01
01
134
140
https://ajnsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_143362_52e77e093988149b2423c53088c4b1b2.pdf
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications
1110-0451
1110-0451
2021
54
1
TE-NORM Radiological Impact and Radiation Protection in Oil and Gas Industry: A review
Omar
Desouky
Materials having radioactive nuclei and exist naturally on earth are called Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM).235U,238U and 232Th series in addition to 40K are few examples of radioactive elements and their daughter nuclei. NORM can be found either in soil, in water, in plants, in animals or in human being. In oil and gas industries NORM accumulates at different locations (the wellheads, pumps and separation vessels), That may take the form of scales, sludge, scrapings and some other wastes. Unless adequate control procedures are employed, it may be hazardous to workers, ordinary people and environment. The most critical concern to public health from exposure to NORM is the possibility of development of cancer. Having no threshold dose, the induction of cancer due to radiation exposure is thus a stochastic process. Nevertheless, no acute or severe effects comparable to those due to high doses of radiation are expected in case of exposure to Technologically Enhanced NORM (TE-Norm). Uncontrolled release of NORM waste will probably contaminate the environment and threaten human health. Such risks can be avoided through the use of a program for NORM control by oil and gas firms. The program will monitor NORM, control contaminated waste, contaminated equipment, train workers and increase their awareness. By the implementation of appropriate protective procedures at work places one can ensure that the basic principles of radiation protection are functionalized. Therefore, the control of exposure and application of sample dosimetry are the main components of any program for health and safety.
Radiation protection
TE-NORM
Oil and Gas Industry
2021
01
01
141
150
https://ajnsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_143365_21b9c0cf9c578ecbdb369ebaa5b7b857.pdf
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications
1110-0451
1110-0451
2021
54
1
Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis of BEAVRS Benchmark
Mohga
Hassan
The BEAVRS benchmark problem describes detailed information such as the geometry and material specifications to construct a neutronic calculation model of a commercial Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) core. The benchmark was modified several times; the main purpose of the current study is to investigate the effect of the modifications in the BEAVRS benchmark on sensitivities and uncertainties in cross section that in turn affect the multiplication factors and reactivity coefficients. The sensitivity coefficients are calculated for keff due to perturbation in cross-sections using the KSEN card of MCNP6 code for the two cores, where all control rods are in and out. Since MCNP6 cannot calculate uncertainties, the NJOY2021 was used to compute the relative covariance matrices of the cross-sections data library, thereafter, a python script was developed to calculate the uncertainties of keff as well as sensitivities and uncertainties of reactivity due to the control rods insertion. The results indicate that the uncertainties in reactivities caused by control rods insertion for the BV2 model is greater than the BV1 model, due to the effect of using higher coolant density in the nozzle and support plate structures in addition to the effect of the burnable absorber designs in the BV2 model.
BEAVRS
sensitivity
uncertainty
NJOY
MCNP6
2021
01
01
151
161
https://ajnsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_143373_bf01e10e238ea5d2a807045d29a8eded.pdf
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications
1110-0451
1110-0451
2021
54
1
Evaluating the Radiological Hazards of Contaminated Soil with Natural Radioactive Materials (NORM) Resulting from Produced Water during Oil & Gas Production
Omar
Desouky
Tarek
Morsi
Seham
El-Marakby
Uncontrolled disposal of oilfield produced water in the surrounding environment could lead to soil contamination by naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). Large volumes of soil become highly contaminated with radium isotopes (226Ra and 228Ra). The concentration of the naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the contaminated soil were determined using gamma ray spectrometry in order to assess the radiological health hazards and excess lifetime cancer risks associated with the use of the soil. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were found to be 1939.56, 737.86 and198.21 Bq kg_1, respectively. The results of the radiological indices and annual effective dose & cancer risk estimated by RESRAD obtained in this study were all higher than their worldwide mean values. This indicating the danger of discharging the produced water resulting from oil and gas production into evaporation ponds without taking preventive measures that limit soil contamination and thus limiting workers' exposure to natural radioactive materials.
NORM
RESRAD
Effective dose
Excess Cancer Risk
2021
01
01
162
172
https://ajnsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_143386_f47fe09c69ab0edfb8145a761439975d.pdf